Question

The organisms obtain nutrients from dead and decaying organic matter from which mode?
(a) Parasite
(b) Autotroph
(c) Saprophytes
(d) Holozoic

Answer 1

Hint: The process through which an organism obtains food or nutrients and that is used to derive energy for different life processes is known as the mode of nutrition. This mode of nutrition includes a fungus or microorganisms.

Complete answer:
The organisms that obtain nutrients from dead and decaying organic matter by saprophytic mode.
Saprophytes are the animals that feed on dead and decaying animals. For example, fungi, mushrooms, molds, etc. A process of chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion that occurs in the processing of decayed organic matter is termed as saprophytic mode of nutrition. Chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion means that fungi are utilizing extracellular sources of organic energy, organic material, and organic matter, for self- maintenance, growth, and reproduction.

Additional Information:
- The parasitic nutrition is a mode of nutrition in which an organism feeds on another living organism or the host. For example, leach, flatworm, plain worms, etc. It is a heterotopic way of nutrition where an organism lives either on the body surface of the host body or inside the body of another type of organism. The parasite derives nutrition directly from the body of the host.
 - An autotroph is an organism that manufactures its food from inorganic substances, such as carbon dioxide and ammonia. Most autotrophs, such as green plants, some algae, and photosynthetic bacteria, use light for energy. Autotrophic nutrition is a process where an organism prepares its food in the presence of sunlight. They make their food from simple inorganic material such as water, mineral salts, and carbon dioxide.
- The holozoic modes of nutrition involve the ingestion of liquid or solid organic material then digestion, followed by absorption, and assimilation of it to utilize it. For example, amoeba.
So, the correct answer is “saprophyte”.

Note:
 During the saprophytic mode of nutrition
- The proteins are broken down into their amino acid by breaking the breaking of peptide bonds by proteases.
- Lipids are broken down into glycerol and fatty acid by lipases.
- Due to amylases, starch is broken down into pieces of simple disaccharides whereas cellulose is broken down into glucose by the enzyme cellulases.