Question

The movement of materials through the vascular tissues of plants is called as
(A) Transpiration
(B) Translocation
(C) Transcription
(D) Transduction

Answer 1

Hint: Vascular tissues are conducting tissues that are found in many vascular plants. Xylem and phloem are examples of main vascular tissue. Xylem helps in the transport of water and ions while phloems are involved in mineral uptake.

Complete step by step answer:
Let’s discuss the options and find the correct answer.
- The process of movement of water through plants and its aerial part evaporation is known as transpiration. It mainly occurs through the opening of stomata, a pore- like structure found in the outer epidermis layer. Stomata takes part in getting carbon dioxide and water molecules from the surface of the palisade and spongy parenchyma and thus diffuses it out from the leaf.
- Green plants produce food in the form of glucose and energy by the process of photosynthesis. This glucose is further converted into sucrose. Phloem vessels help in the transmission of sucrose to the plants. Thus movement of materials through the vascular tissue occurs. This process is known as translocation.
- Transcription is a process of gene expression where DNA is converted into a new m- RNA molecule by the help of the enzyme RNA polymerase. It occurs mainly through 3 stages and these are initiation which begins with the binding of RNA polymerase with promoter sequence, elongation and termination.
- Transduction is defined as a process of transfer of genetic material in between bacterial organisms or bacteriophages. In this process, a viral factor or virus particle introduces foreign DNA into the organism. Thus it is the best of horizontal gene transfer.
Hence Option B: Translocation is the correct answer.

Note: In flowering plants the rate of translocation is measured by a mechanism known as pressure-flow mechanism which involves the loading and unloading of several sugar molecules.