Question

The minimum possible temperature beyond which matter cannot be cooled is:
(A) $-{{273.15}^{\circ }}C$
(B) $-{{100.00}^{\circ }}C$
(C) $-{{98.10}^{\circ }}C$
(D) $-{{459.40}^{\circ }}C$

Answer 1

Hint: All states of matter such as solid, liquid, and gas expands when heated. Particles expand due to vibration about the mean position. However when the temperature drops the molecules lose their heat and thus decrease the vibration. On cooling, the molecules come together and undergo compression such that the gases are converted into the liquid or liquid into the solids.

Complete Solution :
We have been asked about the minimum temperature beyond which matter cannot be cooled,
So, for that:
The matter is defined as the substance which occupies the space and has volume. It is made up of atoms .Matter is further classified as solids, liquids, or gases. Matter exhibits various distinct properties such as density, colour, mass, volume, length, malleability, melting point, etc.
When atoms are subjected to the heat, they vibrate about the mean position. This vibration frequency is directly related to the heat provided. But on the withdrawal of heat from the matter, the particles experience a lower vibration frequency. This reduces the distance between the atoms.
Because of the cooling or removal of heat energy from the lattice, the atoms come together and thus undergo compression. When the heat is withdrawn from the gas it is converted to the liquid, from the liquid it becomes solid.

Ideally, we can reach up to the absolute zero temperature which is $\text{ 0 K }$ or $-459.67F (- {{273.15} ^ {\circ}} C)$ .
We know that the temperature of a particle is directly related to the kinetic energy. If particles move faster if it has high kinetic energy and particles that move slower have less kinetic energy. Since particles cannot be moved negatively, there is no temperature possible below absolute zero. Thus there is no temperature like negative kelvin.
Thus, at absolute zero atoms stop moving and remain stationary.
So, we can say that the minimum possible temperature beyond which matter cannot be cooled is $-{{273.15}^{\circ }}C$ .
So, the correct answer is “Option A”.

Note: Note that, one cannot achieve the absolute zero temperature. We can reach as close as to the absolute zero .This can be achieved by the cycle coolers, dilution refrigerators, and by the nuclear adiabatic demagnetization. The helium and the hydrogen gas is cooled to near the absolute temperature. It has a use in the cryoscopic studies of biological specimens.