Question

The main function of sclerenchyma is to help in the _____
A. Conduction of food
B. Synthesis of food
C. Exchange of gases
D. Mechanical support

Answer 1

Hint: Sclerenchyma is a permanent tissue. Structurally, they are long, thin and narrow dead cells with thickened walls.

Complete solution:
In plants, ground tissues consist of all the tissues that are neither dermal or vascular. These ground tissues can be further divided into three major categories, on the basis of their nature of cell walls. The three categories are- parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma. Let us try to understand their functioning in brief.
Parenchyma- these cells possess thin primary walls, which remain alive even after maturation. These cells are responsible for the formation of soft parts of plants. It is present in the cortex, pith, medullary rays, primary stem, primary roots.
Collenchymas- These cells possess thin primary walls, along with some areas of secondary thickening. These cells are responsible for providing structural and mechanical support in the regions of new growth.
Sclerenchyma – These cells possess thick secondary walls which are lignified. These cells die after attaining the maturation stage. These cells are mainly responsible for providing structural support to the plant.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Note: sclerenchyma cells can be of two types, namely sclereids and fibers cellular. The cell wall is composed of lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses. These cells have ceased elongation. Economically, Sclerenchyma fibers are of great importance, because it serves as the main source for fabrics such as jute, hemp, flax.