Question

The Indian National Congress was established by-
A) Mahatma Gandhi
B) Subhash Chandra Bose
C) Vyomesh Chandra Banerjee
D) A.O. Hume

Answer 1

Hint:
Several regional, provincial and sub-national organizations in separate parts of India preceded the creation of the Congress. Organizations such as
1) the zamindari association (1837)
2) the British Indian Association (1851)
3) the Pune Sarvajanik Sabha (1867)
4) the Bombay Presidency Association (1885) etc. has been found in India.

Complete step by step solution:
What?
1) The National Indian Congress is a political party with widespread origins in India. In Asia and Africa, it was the first new nationalist movement in the British Empire to emerge.
2) It was established in December 1885 in Bombay by A.O. Hume, A retired Civil Servant
3) The annual session of the Congress was held in various parts of the world.
4) The President of the Congress was chosen from an area that was separate from the location where it was held.
5) The second president of the Indian National Congress was Dadabhai Naoroji in Calcutta in 1886 (elected 3 times).
6) The first Muslim president of the INC was Syed Badruddin Tyabji (1887 Madras) and
7) The first English president of the INC was George Yule (1888 Allahabad).
8) The first woman president was Annie Besant (1917, Calcutta) and the first Indian woman.

Why?
1) That the need was felt for all India political organizations to fight for the political rights of the Indian.
2) To help in generating mass awareness about the political rights of Indians
3) Its purpose was to gain a greater share of government for educated Indians, and
4) To create a forum for civil and political dialogue between them and the British Raj.

Note:
Safety valve theory:-
1) The theory has its origin in the biography of A.O. Hume written by William Wedderburn.
2) The main motive of creating INS was to control the Indians and know about the political aspirations of the people of India.
3) Thus according to Wedderburn, the British government created the INS as a “safety Valve” against Indian rebellion.