Question

The higher centre for ANS is
A. Epithalamus
B. Thalamus
C. Hypothalamus
D. Cerebral cortex

Answer 1

Hint: The nervous system coordinates the behaviour of an animal and transmits synapses to different regions of the body. The autonomic nervous system regulates bodily functions such as digestion, respiratory rate, heart rate, sexual arousal, pupillary response, and urination. It also controls the fight-or-flight response.

Complete answer:
The autonomic nervous system is primarily regulated by the main centres within the brain called the hypothalamus. It is divided into the parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system receives information from the osmoreceptors and thermoreceptors present within the hypothalamus. It also receives signals from the external environment and other central nuclei.

The hypothalamus is the part of the brain located below the thalamus and is responsible for regulating the activities of the autonomic nervous system as well as other metabolic processes. The hypothalamus also carries out a vital function of linking the nervous system via the pituitary gland to the endocrine system. Factors such as hunger, fatigue, circadian rhythm, thirst, and body temperature are regulated by the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus also regulates parental aspects and attachment behaviours. The hypothalamus also secretes hormones such as corticotropin-releasing hormone, oxytocin, thyrotropin, prolactin-controlling hormone, gonadotropin, and antidiuretic hormone.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C, i.e., Hypothalamus.


Note: Any damage or infection of the hypothalamus would result in improper function and adversely affect the sleep cycles, milk production in lactating women, weight, body temperature regulation, growth, emotions, and sodium and water balance. Disorders such as diabetes, parkinson’s disease and peripheral nerve disorders can cause autonomic disorders that damage the autonomic nerves or parts of the brain.