Question

The function segments of DNA are called as
(a) RNA
(b) Genes
(c) Nucleus
(d) Lipids

Answer 1

Hint: They are made up of DNA or RNA. It transfers information for a specific trait. They are the smallest units of DNA that are capable of performing the independent function.

Complete answer:
DNA molecules contain the information necessary for constructing and organizing the cells. Genes are the functional segments of DNA as they are capable of producing mRNA.  Gene is a segment of DNA that carries information from parents to offsprings and determines the heredity characters in the offsprings.
The important functions of genes are:
- Genes control the functions of DNA and RNA.
- Proteins are the foremost important materials within the physical body which not only help by being the building blocks for muscles, connecting tissue and skin but also takes care of the assembly of the enzyme. - These enzymes play a crucial role in conducting various chemical processes and reactions within the body. Therefore, protein synthesis is liable for all activities carried on by the body and is mainly controlled by the genes. - Genes contain a specific set of instructions or specific functions. For instance, the globin gene was instructed to supply hemoglobin that helps to hold oxygen within the blood.

So, the correct answer is ‘Gene’.

Note:
- There are over 30000 genes in the individual cell of the human body. DNA present within the gene comprises only 2 percent of the genome. Many studies are made on an equivalent situation that found the situation of nearly 13000 genes on each of the chromosomes. - Wilhelm Johannes, Danish botanist was the first one who coined the term Gene in 1909. He named it as Gene to symbolize hereditary.