Question

The four important steps of ecological succession consist of.
1. Invasion
2. Ecesis
3. Competition
4. Migration
The correct sequence in which these steps appear during primary succession is?
A) 2,1,3,4
B) 1,2,3,4
C) 2,1,4,3
D) 1,2,4,3

Answer 1

Hint: Ecological succession refers to the series of the natural development of ecological communities in a place until a climax community that doesn’t develop further is created. These ecological communities are a cluster of potentially interacting species living in the same area.

Complete answer:
The four important steps of ecological succession are as follows:
Nudation: it is the primary step that refers to the development of a bare area. It can be caused to do topographical change, climate changes, wildfires, etc.
Invasion: The successful establishment of species in the bare area is referred to as invasion. It is a three-step process: the first is migration that includes the dispersal of seeds, spores, etc. to the bare area. The second step is known as ecesis which refers to the successful establishment of the species in the bare area. The dispersed seeds and spores that reached the bare area successfully germinate and grow. The third step is aggregation which refers to the division and multiplication of the species over time.
Competition and co-action: There is the growth of species in a limited area due to aggregation which results in competition between individuals for food and space. The individuals of the species affect the life of other species, as well as the other individuals in their species, which is known as co-action.
Reaction: It is referred to as the modification of the environment due to the influence of the organism living in an ecosystem. It causes a change in the soil, pH, and temperature of the environment.
Climax: It is the last stage of ecological succession where the terminal community has taken over the ecosystem. It maintains the equilibrium of the ecosystem and is not easily replaced by other communities.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

Note:
The structural and functional unit of an environment is referred to as the ecosystem. An ecosystem comprises both the biotic and abiotic substances residing together in a biome. In an ecosystem, all the present organisms interact with one another and with the neighboring surroundings.