Question

The first urban culture developed in Mesopotamia primarily because –
a. It was heavily fortified against invading forces.
b. It had high rainfall annually, which resulted in fertile soil.
c. Early farmers developed irrigation techniques which allowed the fertile soil to flourish.
d. Large numbers of migrants from east Asia and Western Europe merged there.
e. Highly developed writing systems fostered more efficient communication between rulers and subjects.

Answer 1

Hint:
Mesopotamia is a region that is located in Western Asia. The place is situated with the “ Tigris – Euphrates river system”. This river system has a total area of 879,790 Km sq. The system consists of the rivers namely Tigris, Euphrates, Greater Zab, and Lesser Zab.

Complete solution:
Mesopotamia is located in Iraq in the present day. The urban culture developed there primarily because of agriculture and a well-known form of the communication system between the head of state and the content.

The Mesopotamia site belongs to the Neolithic era of 10,000 BC. The site was under the control of the Parthian empire around 150 BC. The Parthian empire is also called as “ Arsacid empire”. The capital of this empire was Ctesiphon, Ecbatana, Rhages, and Asak. The common languages of this empire included Greek, Parthian, and Aramaic. Most of the kings that ruled this region name themselves as the “ King of the universe” and “ great king”.

Additional Information – The Mesopotamia site is known for some of the major developments such as the invention of the wheel, plantation of the first cereal crop, agriculture, and astronomy. The mathematics and science of this time were based on the sexagesimal numeral system.


Hence, the correct answer is option C and E.

Note:
Some of the important festivals of Mesopotamia include The lunar phase, equinoxes and solstices, the success of the reigning monarch, the Akitu also known for the new year festival, and commemoration of temples and major victories.