Question

The figure above is of the human urinary system with structures labeled A to D. Select the option which correctly identifies them and gives their characteristics and/or functions.

A- Adrenal gland- located at the anterior part of the kidney, secrete catecholamines stimulate glycogen breakdown.
B- Pelvis- broad funnel-shaped space inner to the hilum, directly connected to loops of Henle.
C- Medulla- inner zone of the kidney and contains complete nephrons.
D- Cortex- the outer part of the kidney and do not contain any part of nephrons.

Answer 1

Hint: The major part of the human urinary tract called the kidney is the organ responsible for the filtration of blood and the release of liquid waste from the human body. The kidney is composed of several layers that constitute it. Over the kidney sits the adrenal gland.

Complete step by step answer: All the vertebrates have two bean-shaped organs lying both in the right and left side of their lower abdominal portions. These are called kidneys. These are centers for blood filtration and removal of waste from the body. The paired renal arteries supply blood to them. The nephron structures inside the cortex of the kidney act to filter that blood through the glomerulus. The filtered blood circulates back into the body and the collected waste fluid is thrown out of the body in the form of urine by the urinary bladder.
Now, let us identify the labeled parts in the kidney and understand their functions.
-The part labeled as A is the adrenal gland. It is located at the top or anterior portion of both the kidneys. These glands secrete many hormones under the class of catecholamines, especially adrenaline. Another important secretion of the adrenal gland is aldosterone cortisol. These secretions help in the breakdown of glycogen.
-The part labeled as B is the Pelvis. Pelvis lies inner to the hilum. It is a broad funnel-shaped space. It has projections inside it called calyces. Also, it is known as renal pelvis.
-The part labeled as C is Medulla. The medulla is the inner zone of the kidney. It consists of a few conical masses known as medullary pyramids. These medullary pyramids project into calyces in the pelvis. Also, the medulla consists of a loop of Henle that makes an important part of the nephron.
-The part labeled as D is the cortex of the kidney. The cortex means the outer zone. It contains the Malpighian corpuscle, PCT, and DCT of the nephron.
So, the right identification of the part of the kidney with its right function is given by a statement describing part A that is the adrenal gland. Therefore, the right answer is option A.

Note: The adrenal gland produces so many functionally important hormones. These hormones regulate the salt level in the blood and also control the blood volume in the body.