Question

The fast flowing cold air currents flowing in the upper atmosphere are called __
a. Coriolis Force
b. Jet Streams
c. Trade Winds
d. Western Disturbance

Answer 1

Hint:
During World War II, this term was first applied to high-velocity upper-level winds.

Complete answer:
 In the atmospheres of certain worlds, including Earth, jet streams are fast flowing, narrow, meandering air currents. The key jet streams on Earth are situated near the tropopause's altitude and are westerly winds (flowing west to east). Usually, their roads have a meandering form. Jet streams can begin, stop, break into two or more parts, merge into one stream, or flow in different directions, including the opposite direction of the rest of the jet.

The polar jets, 9-12 km above sea level, and the higher altitude and much weaker subtropical jets at 10-16 km, are the strongest jet streams. Every has a polar jet and a subtropical jet for the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. The polar jet of the northern hemisphere flows across North America, Europe, and Asia's middle to northern latitudes and their intervening seas, while the polar jet of the southern hemisphere mainly circles Antarctica all year round. The mid-latitude jet of the southern hemisphere is a relatively narrow band of powerful winds extending from the surface of the Earth to the top of the troposphere at around 12 km, gradually rising in intensity with height.

Jet streams are the result of two factors: the solar radiation heating of the atmosphere creating the large-scale circulation cells Polar, Ferrel, and Hadley, and the action of the Coriolis force acting on those moving masses. The Coriolis force is induced by the rotation of the earth on its axis. On other planets, their jet streams are powered by internal heat rather than solar heating.

Hence, the correct answer is option B.

Note:
Eastern jets can develop in tropical regions during the Northern Hemisphere summer, usually where dry air meets more humid air at high altitudes. There are also low-level jets typical of different areas, such as the central United States.