Question

The correct equation of nuclear fusion
(A) \[_1{H^1}{ + _1}{H^1} \to {H_2}\]
(B) \[_1{H^2}{ + _1}{H^1}{ \to _2}H{e^4}{ + _0}{n^1}\]
(C) \[_1{H^2}{ + _1}{H^2}{ \to _2}H{e^4} + energy\]
(D) \[2{H_2} + 3{H_2} \to 5{H_2}\]

Answer 1

Hint:-
In the fusion process, the lighter nuclei are fused to get a heavier nucleus for more stable elements. During that an amount of energy should be released. In fusion, a helium nucleus is produced. Some processes of fusion there is a production of subatomic particles like neutrino, positron, antineutrino, gamma particles, etc.

Complete step by step solution:-
Option (A)
 \[_1{H^1}{ + _1}{H^1} \to {H_2}\]
In this hydrogen molecule \[({H_2})\] form the chemical reaction of hydrogen atoms. The fusion reaction should get Deuterium\[{(^2}H)\].
Correct reaction is:
\[_1{H^1}{ + _1}{H^1}{ \to ^2}H + {e^ + } + \upsilon \]
Where \[{e^ + }\]is the positron and \[\upsilon \]is the neutrino, which are subatomic particles.

Option (B)
 \[_1{H^2}{ + _1}{H^1}{ \to _2}H{e^4}{ + _0}{n^1}\]
This reaction was wrong. It should be \[^3He\] and \[\gamma \] is the end product in this reaction.
Option (C)
 \[_1{H^2}{ + _1}{H^2}{ \to _2}H{e^4} + energy\]
This reaction is correct; there will be a formation of heavier nucleus of \[_2H{e^4}\] from fusion reaction \[\left( {Deuterium} \right)\] nucleus and an excess amount of energy released.
Option (D)
 \[2{H_2} + 3{H_2} \to 5{H_2}\]
This is just like a chemical equation, nothing to do with the fusion reaction. A physical process of mixing 2 hydrogen molecules with 3 molecules of hydrogen and getting 5 molecules of hydrogen.

So the answer is (C) \[_1{H^2}{ + _1}{H^2}{ \to _2}H{e^4} + energy\]

Note:- For fusion there is a need of high energy and high temperature .This fusion reactions happen in the stars. Series of fusion reactions occurs in stars and new elements are formed from hydrogen nucleus to higher order elements. Fusion reaction is more predominant in the lower atomic number elements like hydrogen, helium, etc, and produces more stable elements.