Question

The congress participated in which round table conference?
A. Only first
B. Only second
C. First and third
D. All three

Answer 1

Hint - Due to the Gandhi-Irwin pact, only the second round table conference was attended by the Indian National Congress. The three Round Table Conferences of 1930–32 were a series of peace conferences organized by the British government and Indian political figures to discuss constitutional reforms in India. It started in November 1930 and ended in 1932. The recommendation was held in December by Viceroy Lord Irwin and Prime Minister Ramsey Macdonald, and the report submitted by the Simon Commission in May 1930. In India, the demands of Swaraj, or self-governance, became stronger.

Complete Step by step answer -
The Congress, which had earlier killed and boycotted the conference, was requested to compromise by Sapru, MR Jayakar, and VS Srinivas Shastri. An agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and the Viceroy, Lord Irwin, was not corrected by the Congress in the second session of the Round Table Conference which opened on 7 September. Although McDonald was still Prime Minister of Britain, he was at this time leading a coalition government ("national government") with a Conservative government, with Sir Samuel Hoare as the new Secretary of State for India. On 7 November 1931, Gandhi secretly met Malcolm Macdonald in his rooms at Balliol College, Oxford. He took the opportunity to campaign for visits to the East End and for the Lancashire cotton mills, but could not persuade the government to grant self-rule: the Egrean crisis and the latest of Congress for a fair rent for more solicitation Was the campaign. Due to the passage of the Government of India Act 1935, the Governor of the United Provinces was happy to relieve Gandhi's campaigns "to wreak havoc with six or seven million tenants in UP. When Nehru said that the famine relief program was pathetic, he was already asking for a peasants' strike, and Patel called for a satyagraha. When his intentions for the conference were discussed in London, Gandhi said he could do nothing about agricultural problems from England. In order to deal with the absentee zamindars in India, the government had achieved nothing other than to realize that the disaster could be reduced. The second session opened on September 7, 1931.
There were three major differences between the first and second round table conferences -
1. Representation of Congress - The Gandhi-Irwin Pact opened the way for Congress participation in this conference. Gandhi was invited from India and participated as the only official Congress representative along with Sarojini Naidu and Madan Mohan Malaviya, Ghanshyam Das Birla, Muhammad Iqbal, Sir Mirza Ismail (Diwan of Mysore), SK Dutta, and Sir Syed Ali priest. Gandhi claimed that the Congress alone represented political India; The untouchables were Hindus and should not be considered a "minority"; And that there should be no separate voter or special safeguards for Muslims or other minorities. These claims were rejected by other Indian participants. According to this treaty, Gandhi was asked to shut down the Civil Disobedience Movement (CDM) and if he did so the British government prisoners would be freed except for those who killed criminal prisoners ie British officers. He returns to India, disappointed with the results and empty-handed.
2. National government - Labor government collapsed in London two weeks ago. Ramsay MacDonald now heads the Conservative Party-dominated national government.
3. Financial crisis - During the conference, Britain discontinued the gold standard, distracting the national government.
At the end of the conference, Ramsay Macdonald pledged to produce a communal award for minority representation, with the provision that any free agreement between the parties could be substituted for their award.

So option B is the correct answer.

Note - Gandhi particularly took exception to the treatment of untouchables who were a distinct minority from the rest of the Hindu community. Other important discussions were executive responsibility for the legislature and as a separate vote for the untouchables. There was a demand for BR Ambedkar. Gandhi announced that after this he would work only on behalf of the Harijans: he called the leader of the suppressed classes on this issue. Tied up with BR Ambedkar; The two eventually resolved the situation with the Poona Pact of 1932. [16] But before the All-India Depressed Classes' Conference, it specifically denied the claim made by Gandhi.