Question

The condition of spontaneity of a process is:
A.Lowering of entropy at constant temperature and pressure
B.Lowering of Gibbs free energy of system at constant temperature and pressure
C.Increase of entropy of system at constant temperature and pressure
D.Increase of Gibbs free energy of the universe at constant temperature and pressure.

Answer 1

Hint:
If a reaction is exothermic and the entropy is positive, the free energy change is always negative and the reaction is always spontaneous. Two conditions for a reaction to be spontaneous are: achieve maximum energy and achieve minimum energy. In thermodynamics, a spontaneous is the time evaluation. Processes which involve an entropy of the system are spontaneous.

Complete step by step answer:
All spontaneous changes increase in the entropy of the universe. In this process we work under lab conditions which are at constant pressure and temperature. We get from this analogy by given opportunity, we can compare the energy to a state of lower potential. Exothermic processes tend to be spontaneous; they release energy and the final system is lower than the initial.
 $\Delta G = \Delta H - T \uparrow \Delta S$
The condition of spontaneity of a process is Lowering of Gibbs free energy of the system at constant temperature and pressure.
Hence, option (B) is the correct answer.

Note:Here we remember that the condition of spontaneity depends on the Gibbs and Helmholtz equation which defines the formation of energy at constant pressure and temperature. When Gibbs energy becomes low at constant temperature and pressure. A process will be spontaneous, when the system becomes $\Delta G = - ve$ .