Question

The chemical method of contraception includes:
A. Jellies only
B. Creams and foams only
C. Oral contraceptives only
D. All of the above

Answer 1

Hint: Chemical contraceptives take the help of chemically formulated compounds that either create a barrier for sperm’s entry/reduce its mobility/kill it. In some way or the other they restrict the contact of egg and sperm. These have a low efficiency rate but when combined with one or more chemical contraceptives, their efficiency increases to 99%.

Complete Step by Step Answer:
Jellies are concentrated spermicides, that is chemicals that kill sperms. These have an efficiency rate of 70% owing mostly due to wrong application. It is mostly used with a physical barrier like cervical caps. It is layered on the cap and then inserted inside vagina.

Creams or foams are no different than jellies except in structure and consistency. Their function and application, thus, the efficiency rate too are similar.

Oral contraceptives are the best ways to prevent pregnancy. These are taken by women and are usually a combination of progesterone and oestrogen. Progesterone functions to prevent ovulation; makes the cervical mucus unfavourable for entry of sperm, while oestrogen influences the inhibition of the development of follicle. Thus, the ovule is not formed that can conjugate with the sperm to form zygote.

Since all these methods include chemically created products that inhibit pregnancy,
the correct answer would be D: All of the above






Note: Progesterone acts on the hypothalamus which influences the release of gonadotropin releasing hormone. This in turn decreases both Follicle stimulating hormone and Luteinizing hormone. Oestrogen acts on the anterior pituitary which decreases the follicular development. Effect of progesterone is more pronounced.