Question

The carriers of hereditary material is/are
(a)Chromosomes
(b)Gene
(c)Gametes
(d)Both (a) and (b)

Answer 1

Hint A person or other organism when inherited with a recessive allele for a genetic trait or mutation is known as a hereditary carrier and usually does not display that rate or show the symptoms of the particular disease.

Complete answer:
Chromosomes and genes are the carriers of hereditary material. Chromosomes are the thread-like structures that are located inside the nucleus and made up of a single molecule of deoxyribose nucleic acid and protein. The DNA contains specific instructions which passes from the parents to offspring and makes each type of living creature unique. This structure allows the DNA too tightly wrapped around spool-like proteins which are known as histones. The DNA molecules in the histones are unwounded and stretched around 6 feet. Gene is a sequence of nucleotides that is present in DNA and RNA and encodes the synthesis of the gene product. The DNA is copied to RNA during the gene expression and the RNA is a directly functional or intermediate template for the protein which performs the function. They can acquire a mutation in the sequences which leads to different variations and are known as alleles in the population.

Additional information:
The gene consists of many elements that are actual protein-coding sequences and include DNA regions that are not transcribed and untranslated regions of the RNA. They require promoter sequence which is recognized and bounded by transcription factors that recruit and help RNA polymerase to bind with the region that initiates the transcription. Humans are the most complex organisms and consist of one copy of each chromosome which is inherited from the female parent and the other from the male parent which explains why children inherit some of their traits from mother and father. The mitochondrial DNA is always inherited from the female parent and includes some forms of hearing impairment and diabetes in a few conditions which are associated with DNA that are found in the mitochondria.

So, the correct answer is 'Both (a) and (b)'.

Note: 90% of the genetic material is shared by humans with mice and 98% of that with chimpanzees. Every cell in the human body consists of a complete copy of the Human genome and consists of 23 chromosomes from the mother and 23 from the father which causes diseases when inherited through genes.