Question

The Ali brothers launched the _______ movement.

Answer 1

Hint: A movement to protest against the limitations imposed by the Treaty of Sèvres on the Caliph and the Ottoman Empire following the First World War was initiated by the Ali Brothers (Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali).

Complete answer:
Khilafat movement also known as the Indian Muslim movement (1919-24), the was a pan-Islamist political protest campaign initiated by British Indian Muslims led by Shaukat Ali, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, Hakim Ajmal Khan, and Abul Kalam Azad to restore as an effective political authority the caliph of the Ottoman Caliphate, who was considered the leader of Sunni Muslims. It was a protest against the restrictions levied by the Treaty of Sèvres on the Caliph and the Ottoman Empire following the First World War.

Mohammad Ali and his brother Maulana Shaukat Ali joined other Muslim leaders to form the All India Khilafat Committee, such as Pir Ghulam Mujaddid Sarhandi Sheikh Shaukat Ali Siddiqui, Dr. Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari, Raees-Ul-Muhajireen Barrister Jan Muhammad Junejo, Hasrat Mohani, Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, and Dr. Hakim Ajmal Khan. The organisation was located at Hathe Shaukat Ali, Landlord Shaukat Ali Siddiqui's compound, in Lucknow, India. They aimed to establish political unity among Muslims and to protect the caliphate by using their influence. They published the Khilafat Manifesto in 1920, which called on the British to defend the caliphate and to unite and keep the British accountable for this purpose for Indian Muslims. Mohmmad Akram Khan, Moniruzzaman Islamabadi, Mujibur Rahman Khan and Chittaranjan Das were included in the Khilafat Committee in Bengal.

An alliance between the Khilafat leaders and the Indian National Congress, India's largest political party and nationalist movement, was established in 1920. Congress leader Mohandas Gandhi and the leaders of Khilafat vowed to work together and campaign for the causes of Khilafat and Swaraj.

By late 1922, as Turkey acquired a more favourable diplomatic position and shifted toward secularism, the movement failed. By 1924, the position of caliph was simply abolished by Turkey.

The Ali Brothers (Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali) launched the Khilafat movement.

Note:The Campaign of Khilafat evokes debate and strong opinions. It is considered by critics to be one of the political upheavals focused on a pan-Islamist, fundamentalist platform and essentially oblivious to the cause of Indian independence. Khilafat's opponents see their alliance with Congress as a marriage of convenience. Khilafat supporters see it as the spark that led to India's non-cooperation movement and a significant milestone in improving Hindu-Muslim relations, while Pakistani and Muslim separatist advocates see it as a major step towards creating a separate Muslim state. The Ali brothers are considered to be Pakistan's founding fathers, while in India, Azad, Dr. Ansari and Hakim Ajmal Khan are widely celebrated as national heroes.