Question

The actual genetic section of sperm is its
(a) Acrosome
(b) Tail
(c) Middle piece
(d) Head

Answer 1

Hint:
This part of the sperm has a small elliptical shape approximately 4-5.5 micrometres long and 3 micrometres wide. When this part gets combined with the egg’s DNA, that creates a new organism. The longest portion of the tail is the principal piece. The terminal is the end piece, i.e., the tapering portion of the tail.

Complete step by step answer:
A sperm is about 60 micrometres long. The major part of the sperm is the head and the tail. The head of the sperm is flat. It has 23 condensed chromosomes. Acrosome covers two third nuclei anteriorly. It is a cap-like vesicle filled with enzymes that help sperm to penetrate secondary oocytes to bring about fertilization. The Head of the sperm constitutes the genetic material. Among the enzymes are hyaluronidase and proteases. The tail of the sperm is subdivided into four parts: neck, midpiece, principal piece, and end piece. The neck is present just behind the head and contains centrioles. The microtubules from the centriole comprise the remaining part of the tail.
The sperm head is covered by some inhibitory glycoproteins covering membrane receptors and transporters. The glycoproteins are removed by proteolytic and glycosidic enzymes secreted by the uterus. This activates the transporters and receptors. Thus, the sperm head membrane has increased permeability to calcium. Calcium influx raises the chances of membrane fusion and rapid acrosomal reaction during fertilization.

Option ‘D’ is correct

Note:
Testes are the male gonads. Functions of the testes are the Production and storage of viable sperms, synthesis, and secretion of the androgenic hormone, testosterone. Both these functions are under anterior pituitary and hypothalamic control.