Question

Tetany is caused by.
A. Hyperparathyroidism
B. Hypoparathyroidism
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Hypothyroidism

Answer 1

Hint: This is a clinical condition characterized by low levels of ionized calcium leading to increased neuromuscular excitability.
In this condition, total levels of calcium may even remain normal.
Causes of tetany are
- Hypocalcaemia
- Hypomagnesaemia
- Alkalosis and Hypocalcemia

Complete answer:
Tetany: It is a medical sign consisting of involuntary contraction of muscle which may be caused by disorders that increase the action potential frequently of muscle cells or the nerves that innervate them.
For neuromuscular function, calcium, potassium and magnesium are essential; therefore, low levels of these cations lead to tetany.

Causes of tetany are:
- Malabsorption
- Osteomalacia
- Acute pancreatitis
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Anticonvulsants
- Excessive intake of Alkalies

A clinical feature of tetany includes carpopedal spasm, tingling sensations in peripheral parts of limbs and mouth, lethargy, cataract, mental retardation.
So according to the question, Hyperparathyroidism is a clinical condition characterized by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone.

Paratharmone increase serum calcium and lowers serum phosphate levels.
Hypoparathyroidism is a disorder of parathyroid glands characterized by low levels of calcium either due to deficient production of parathormone.
It is classified further as
- True Hypoparathyroidism
- Pseudo Hypothyroidism
It is responsible for tetany.

Hypothyroidism is a clinical condition caused by low levels of circulating thyroid hormones.
This clinical state that results from exposure of the body tissues to excess of circulating free thyroid hormones.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Note: Clinical features of Hypothyroidism are Tetany, Cataract, Psychosis, Epilepsy, Papillodema, Candidiasis. Diagnosis of hypothyroidism is based on the patient's symptoms and the results of blood tests that measure the level of TSH and the level of the thyroid hormone named as thyroxine. A low level of thyroxine and high level of TSH indicate an underactive thyroid.