Question

Teminious central dogma of protein synthesis is
A.DNA DNA mRNA protein
B. mRNA gRNA DNA protein
C. gRNA DNA mRNA protein
D. DNA gRNA mRNA protein

Answer 1

Hint:- There are two main processes that are involved in the central dogma of a cell. Transcription (conversion of DNA into RNA) and translation (conversion of RNA into proteins). These processes are mainly used by cells to store their genetic information or to encode the information into DNA, RNA and proteins, depending on the gene.

Complete step-by-step solution:-DNA forms the basis of the central dogma from where the process of protein synthesis begins. mRNA is also known as the guide RNA. It is the RNA that leads the way for insertion or omission of uridine remnants into the mitochondrial mRNA.
The process of conversion of the DNA into mRNA is by the process of transcription. After the formation of RNA, it moves from the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
The conversion of mRNA into proteins is via triplet coding, where a codon (series of three nucleotides) codes only for a specific amino acid. This process is known as translation.
The synthesis of RNA occurs with the help of the enzyme, RNA polymerase. Central dogma provides the basic outline about how the genetic material flows. It is a unidirectional process.
So, the right answer is Option D. (DNA → gRNA → mRNA → Protein).

Note:-
Watson Crick was the scientist who invented the central dogma of the cell. If the genetic information is converted from DNA to RNA and then from RNA into protein, the protein cannot be converted back into the genetic code. The reverse transfer of genetic information from protein to DNA occurs only in the case of retroviruses i.e. in HIV as well as in eukaryotes.