Question

Syncarpous, hypogynous, trilocular ovary with axile placentation is found in
A. Liliaceae
B. Cucurbitaceae
C. Ranunculaceae
D. None of the above

Answer 1

Hint: In the question, different terms that are related to the position of parts of the flower are mentioned. Let us see what they mean. The term syncarpous means fused petals, hypogynous means the ovary is present superior to other floral organs, trilocular means the ovary contains three locules or cavities in it. Placentation means the manner in which the ovules are attached to an ovary.

Complete answer:
The basic definitions of above mentioned terms have been discussed. Now lets see the characteristics of each of the families mentioned. In the Liliaceae family all the petals are fused with one another i.e. syncarpous, the stamens and perianth are situated below the gynoecium, which means the ovary is superior and the flower is hypogynous. The ovary has three cavities i.e. trilocular, within it where the ovules are attached along the central axis which gives axile placentation. The examples are Allium cepa, Allium sativum.
In Cucurbitaceae family, the petals are fused hence syncarpous, the petals and sepals are seed at the tops of ovary with the ovary being inferior hence epigynous nature, the ovary is unilocular, the ovules are attached to inner wall hence parietal placentation. Ex: Cucumber, pumpkin.
In Ranunculaceae, the petals are not fused hence apocarpous, flower is hypogynous,the ovary is unilocular and ovules are arranged in basal or marginal placentation. Ex: Anemone, Delphinium.
Based on the above discussion, syncarpous,hypogynous,trilocular with axile placentation is present in the Liliaceae family.

So, the correct option is A.

Note:
The flower in the Liliaceae family is pedicellate, actinomorphic or zygomorphic,trimerous and with valvate aestivation. Stamens show polyandry, fruit may be berry or capsule. This family is usually called the Lilly family and can be confused with the Amaryllidaceae family, from which it can be distinguished by the position of the ovary.