Question

Sun’s rays fall directly on _________.
A) North pole
B) South pole
C) Equator
D) Tropic of Capricorn

Answer 1

Hint:
The movement of the earth on its axis is called Rotation. And Revolution on the other hand is the movement of the earth around the sun in a fixed path or orbit is called. A year is usually divided into spring, summer, winter, and autumn seasons. And seasons change due to the change in the position of the earth around the sun due to rotation and revolution.

Complete answer:
On 21st June, the rays of the sun fall directly on the Tropic of Cancer since the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun. As the rays of the sun are slanting, these areas receive more heat and the areas near the poles receive less heat. For about six months, the places beyond the Arctic Circle experience continuous daylight since the North Pole is inclined towards the sun. Thus, it is summer in the regions north of the equator since a large portion of the Northern Hemisphere is getting light from the sun. At this time, the longest day and the shortest night occur at these places. The reverse happens in the Southern Hemisphere. It is winter season there. The nights are longer than the days. This position of the earth is referred to as the Summer Solstice.
The Tropic of Capricorn receives direct rays of the sun as the South Pole tilts towards it on 22nd December. As a result, a larger portion of the Southern Hemisphere gets light as the sun’s rays fall vertically at the Tropic of Capricorn. Therefore, in the Southern Hemisphere, it is summer with longer days and shorter nights. And all these conditions are reversed in the Northern Hemisphere. This position of the earth is referred to as the Winter Solstice.
The direct rays of the sun fall on the equator on 21st March and 23rd September. At this position, the whole earth experiences equal days and equal nights since neither of the poles are tilted towards the sun. This is referred to as an equinox.

Thus, option (C) and (D) are correct.

Note:
It is the autumn season in the Northern Hemisphere and spring season in the Southern Hemisphere on 23rd September. The reverse is the case on 21st March, when it is spring in the Northern Hemisphere and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere.