Question

Succession on the sand dune is
(a)Lithosere
(b)Psychrosere
(c)Psammosere
(d)Halosere

Answer 1

Hint: Ecological succession is the phenomenon by which the construction of a biological community develops over time. Types of succession are of two major categories, which are primary succession and secondary succession depending upon the type of environmental conditions.

Complete answer:
Succession on the sand dune is Psammosere. Ecological succession is the series of sere, which starts from barren land and ends in a climax. The progressing stages of a community are called seral stages In ecological terms. The final stage of sere is known as the climax.

Additional Information: -A lithosere is a plant succession that starts life on a new rock surface, such as an abandoned one due to glacial withdrawal, tectonic upthrust which forms a raised seashore, or volcanic eruptions. If the succession occurs in a salty environment, it is known as the Halosere.
-In a psammosere, the organisms nearest to the ocean will be pioneer species, which will be salt-tolerant species. For example, littoral algae and glasswort.
-Many distinctive features alter and aid in determining the natural succession of the dunes. For example, the drainage decelerates as the land becomes more compacted and has improved soils and the pH decreases as the percentage of seashell fragments reduces,and the number of humus increases.
So, the correct answer is ‘Psammosere’.

Note: -The primordial trees or the pioneer trees that show up first are usually fast-growing trees like birch, willow, or rowan.
-These fast-growing trees will be substituted by slow-growing, bigger trees such as ash or oak. This is known as the climax community, which can be explained as the point where a botanical succession cannot grow anymore because it has touched equilibrium with the environment, in a certain climate.