Question

Substrate phosphorylation is the formation of
A. ATP
B. AMP
C. ADP
D. Pyruvic acid

Answer 1

Hint: Adenosine triphosphate is a significant "energy cash" of the cell. The high energy connections between the phosphate gatherings can be broken to control an assortment of responses utilized in all parts of cell work.

Complete answer:
Substrate-level phosphorylation is a metabolic response that outcomes in the arrangement of ATP or GTP by change of a higher energy substrate (if phosphate bunch appended) into lower energy item and an utilizing a portion of the delivered synthetic energy, the Gibbs free energy, to move a phosphoryl $(PO_{3})$ gathering to ADP or GDP from another phosphorylated compound.

In contrast to oxidative phosphorylation, oxidation and phosphorylation are not coupled during the time spent substrate-level phosphorylation, and responsive intermediates are frequently picked up over the span of oxidation measures in catabolism. Most ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation in vigorous or anaerobic breath while substrate-level phosphorylation gives a speedier, less effective wellspring of ATP, free of outside electron acceptors. This is the situation in human erythrocytes, which have no mitochondria, and in oxygen-exhausted muscle.

Substrate-level phosphorylation happens in the cytoplasm of cells during glycolysis and in mitochondria either during the Krebs cycle or by MTHFD1L $(EC 6.3.4.3)$, a compound interconverting ADP + phosphate + 10- formyltetrahydrofolate to ATP + formate + tetrahydrofolate (reversibly), under both vigorous and anaerobic conditions. In the result period of glycolysis, a net of \[2\] ATP is delivered by substrate-level phosphorylation.

Hence, the correct answer is option (A).

Note: During anoxia, arrangement of ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation in the framework is significant as a simple method for energy, yet additionally to forestall mitochondria from stressing glycolytic ATP holds by keeping up the adenine nucleotide translocator in ‘forward mode’ conveying ATP towards the cytosol.