Question

-Study the given flowchart regarding some cell organelles present in a cell. Which of the following options is incorrect regarding x, y and z?

A) Organelle X can transform solar energy into chemical energy of carbohydrates
B) Enzymes of organelle Y are present in the acrosome of human sperm cell which digest the limiting membrane of ovum during fertilization
C) On starvation organelle Z digests stored food contents and other cellular components this process is called autophagy
D) Organelle X can bring about stepwise oxidation of carbohydrates to produce $CO_2$ and water

Answer 1

Hint: Organelles are subcellular structures that carry out specialized functions in a cell. Organelles can be either bound by a double membrane, single membrane or no membrane.

Complete answer:
-Organelles can be subdivided into eukaryotic and prokaryotic organelles. Eukaryotic organelles are more complex and consist of internal membranes and compartments whereas prokaryotic organelles are less complex and do not have internal membranes and compartments.

According to the given question the organelle that can transform solar energy to chemical energy of carbohydrates is chloroplast. Chloroplast is a double membrane organelle that is present in plants and few organisms and helps in the process of photosynthesis. Acrosome is an organelle present in the human sperm cell, it is a single membrane and secrete enzyme acrosin and hyaluronidase that helps in the fusion of spermatozoa with ovum. The organelle that digests food and carries out autophagy is autophagosome, it is a double membrane organelle that is present in almost all eukaryotes. Stepwise oxidation of carbohydrates to $CO_2$ and water is carried out in mitochondria which is also a double membrane organelle.

So the correct option is (C) On starvation organelle Z digests stored food contents and other cellular components this process is called autophagy.


Note: Thus each organelle has a different structure and helps in different functions. They are also important in maintaining cellular homeostasis by maintaining the internal pH conditions.