Question

Statement: The movement of solid particles caused by collisions with the constantly moving molecules of a gas is called Brownian motion.
State whether the given statement is true or false.
(A) True
(B) False

Answer 1

Hint: Brownian motion refers to the random motion being shown in fluids by tiny particles that are suspended. It is commonly referred to as the Brownian motion.

Complete Step-by-Step Solution
Brownian motion is a consequence of the particles' collisions in the fluid with other fast-moving particles. Brownian motion is named after Robert Brown, the Scottish Botanist, who first observed that when placed in water, pollen grains move in random directions.
When another particle collides with it, a particle alters its path. More collisions cause a random, zig-zag motion to be followed by the particle. A transfer or exchange of momentum or energy between the particles is involved.
The particle size is inversely proportional to the velocity of motion, that is, small particles display quicker movements. This is because the momentum transfer is inversely proportional to the particulate mass. From collisions, lighter particles obtain higher speeds. The speed of the Brownian movement is inversely proportional to the fluid's viscosity. The lower the fluid viscosity, the quicker the movement of the Brownian. Viscosity is a quantity that expresses in a liquid the magnitude of the inner friction. It is the measure of the resistance of the fluid to flow.
Hence, the correct option is (A).

Additional Information
The paper on Brownian motion by Albert Einstein was vital proof of the existence of atoms and molecules. The kinetic theory of gases is based on the Brownian particle motion model, which explains the pressure, temperature and volume of gases.

Note
Brownian motion triggers the particles to be in constant motion in a fluid. This avoids the settling down of particles, leading to the stability of colloidal solutions. With the assistance of this motion, a true solution can be distinguished from a colloid.