Question

State the hypothesis proposed by Oparin and Haldane. How was it experimentally proved by S.L. Miller? Explain.

Answer 1

Hint: Oparin and Haldane believed in the chemical evolution of life. They proposed that the first form of life was created by pre-existing non-organic substances, S.L. Miller created an electrical discharge at \[800^\circ C\] in a closed flask containing \[C{H_4}\] , \[{H_2}\] , \[N{H_3}\] , and water vapour.

Complete step by step answer:
JBS Haldane and Aleksandr Oparin independently proposed a life-origin hypothesis in 1992, claiming that organic molecules might be formed from abiogenic material in the presence of an external energy source.
Harold C. Urey and Stanley Miller tested the Oparin-Haldane theory in 1953, and organic molecules were successfully produced from some of the inorganic components assumed to be present on primordial Earth. They mixed heated water with a mixture of four gases—water vapour, methane, ammonia, and molecular hydrogen—and used an electric discharge to pulse the "atmosphere."

Additional Information: According to Oparin and Haldane, spontaneous production of life is impossible under the current environmental conditions. The condition of the Earth's surface and atmosphere throughout the first billion years of its existence was vastly different from what it is today.
The first atmosphere of the Earth was a decreasing one. A sequential series of chemical reactions transformed atoms into inorganic molecules, inorganic molecules into simple organic compounds, basic organic compounds into complex organic compounds, polymers into aggregates, and aggregates into biological stuff.

Note: According to the Oparin-Haldane hypothesis, life evolved gradually from inorganic molecules, first producing "building blocks" like amino acids, and then combining to form complex polymers. Some scientists support the RNA universe hypothesis, which states that the initial life was RNA self-replicating.