Question

State any two symptoms of Down’s syndrome.

Answer 1

Hint: As we all know, Down’s syndrome develops due to the trisomy of chromosome 21 i.e. there is an extra copy of chromosome 21. It is a genetic disorder and the mentality of the individual is of an 8-year-old with an IQ of 50. The person with Down’s syndrome normally has physical and intellectual disabilities.

Complete answer:
Down’s syndrome was discovered by John Langdon Down in 1899 and he described this syndrome as a genetic disorder that develops due to the trisomy of chromosome number 21, where an extra copy of the genes on chromosome 21 is present. Physical disabilities can be easily seen in individuals with this type of syndrome.
The most common symptoms involved are:
(A) Short stature.
(B) Small round head and partially open mouth.
Additional information: The individuals with Down’s syndrome have other symptoms like broad palm, many loops on the fingertips, furrowed tongue, underdeveloped gonads and genitals, loose joints, psychomotor and mental development is also retarded. Another example of trisomy is Klinefelter’s syndrome. This disorder arises due to the presence of an additional copy of X-chromosome in males resulting in the condition 47+XXY type chromosome complement. The people with Klinefelter’s syndrome are always sterile males with overall masculine development and some female characteristics like feminine pitched voice, Gynecomastia i.e. development of breasts.
Turner’s syndrome is an example of a Monosomy condition where one X-chromosome is missing and the condition is 45+X0 and such females are sterile as ovaries are rudimentary and lack secondary sexual characteristics.

Note:
The two disorders are very much commonly asked and can be a bit confusing. So, if you learn the conditions related to them you can easily know the symptoms or any related question. For Down’s syndrome, the condition is trisomy of 21 and for Klinefelter’s syndrome, the condition is the presence of an extra X-chromosome with 47+XXY condition and Turner’s syndrome with 45+X0 condition.