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State a method to separate a liquid-liquid mixture containing two immiscible liquids having different densities.
A. Separating funnel
B. Fractional distillation
C. Distillation
D. Evaporation

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Last updated date: 29th Mar 2024
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MVSAT 2024
Answer
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Hint: As the name suggests immiscible liquids are those if they're completely insoluble in each other. Such a system actually consists of two phases, though it is usually referred to as a mixture. No heating of mixture is required in this process. This process we used at homes to obtain butter, as the lighter butter floats on top of milk.

Step by step answer:
We should first understand immiscibility. Immiscibility is the property where two substances are not capable of combining to form a homogeneous mixture. The components are said to be "immiscible." In contrast, fluids that do mix together are called "miscible." One important thing that we should know is that components of an immiscible mixture will separate from each other. The less-dense fluid will rise to the top; the more-dense component will sink.
We can easily observe the miscibility of two materials. When the two miscible liquids are combined, the resulting liquid is clear. If the mixture is cloudy the two materials are immiscible. We should handle it carefully for its determination.
Oil and water are immiscible liquids. In contrast, alcohol and water are completely miscible. In any proportion, alcohol and water will mix to form a homogeneous solution.
Now we will take every option, to exclude the wrong option.
We use evaporation for separating a mixture (solution) of a soluble solid and a solvent. In this we heat the solution until the solvent evaporates (turns into gas) leaving behind the solid residue.
We use distillation for separating a liquid from a solution. In a way, we will find this concept is similar to evaporation, but in this case, the vapour is collected by condensation. For example, if we want to separate water from a salt solution, simple distillation would be great for this. Water vapour from the solution is cooled down by a condenser and collected in a beaker. This is purified water.
Fractional distillation is similar to distillation; we use fractional distillation for separating a solution of two miscible liquids. (Miscible liquids are liquids that dissolve in each other). The Fractional method takes advantage of the different boiling points of the two liquids. Fractional distillation is used in oil refineries to separate crude oil into useful substances (or fractions) having different hydrocarbons of different boiling points.
Now our only remaining option is separating funnels. In this process we take advantage of the unequal density of two immiscible liquids. The less dense fluid rise on top and higher dense will sink in. A mixture of oil and water, for example, can be separated by this technique.
So from the above discussion, we find out that a liquid-liquid mixture containing two immiscible liquids having different densities can be separated by separating columns.
So our correct option is “A”, separating funnels.

Note: We use fractional distillation in oil refineries to separate crude oil into useful substances having different hydrocarbons of different boiling points. We separate chemical compounds by heating them to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the mixture will vaporize. It uses distillation to fractionate. Generally the component parts have boiling points that differ by less than 25 °C from each other under a pressure of one atmosphere. If the difference in boiling points is greater than 25 °C, a simple distillation is typically used.
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