Question

How many sigma and pi bonds are there in the given molecule?
\[H - C \equiv C - C{H_2} - CH = C{H_2}\]
A. There are 3 pi bonds and 10 sigma bonds
B. There are 12 sigma bonds and 4 pi bonds
C. There are 2 pi bonds and 4 sigma bonds
D. There are 8 sigma bonds and 2 pi bonds

Answer 1

Hint: Sigma bonds are included in single bonds as well in the non-single bonds. Pi bonds are included in the double or triple bond.

Complete step by step answer:
We know that single bond \[\left( {{\text{C}} - {\text{H}}} \right)\] includes one sigma bond and double\[\left( {{\text{C}} = {\text{H}}} \right)\] and triple \[\left( {{\text{C}} \equiv {\text{H}}} \right)\] bonds consists of one sigma bond and the remaining bonds are pi bonds. Let us number the sigma bonds and the pi bonds in the given compound.

The blue numbers indicate pi bonds and the red numbers indicates sigma bonds.
Therefore, in the compound, \[H - C \equiv C - C{H_2} - CH = C{H_2}\] there exist 10 sigma bonds and 3 pi bonds.
So, we can conclude that out of the given four options, A is the correct option. B, C and D are incorrect options.

Additional information:
A sigma bond and a pi bond are formed by the overlapping of atomic orbitals. The end to end atomic orbital overlapping results in the formation of a sigma bond and the side to side overlap of the atomic orbitals generates the pi bond. We can show the orbital overlap in both the bonds in the following way.

Note:Sigma bonds are stronger than pi bonds. Pi bonds are considered to be weak bonds. A bond is considered to be a strong bond if they include both the pi bond and the sigma bond together.