Question

How do seeds and fruits develop in angiosperms? Explain with examples.

Answer 1

Hint: We need to study about fertilization and sexual reproduction in plants to understand the development of seeds and fruits in angiosperms. Flowers have a variety of elaboration, and they are the most reliable exterior traits for determining angiosperm species relationships. The flower possesses one role to ensure that the ovule is fertilized and the fruit with seed is developed.

Complete answer:
The process of double fertilization occurs when two sperm cells fertilize cells in the ovule. A pollen grain sticks to the stigma of the pistil (female reproductive component), germinates, and develops into a long pollen tube. A haploid generative cell goes down the pollen tube behind the tube nucleus while it is developing. Mitosis divides the generative cell into two haploid (n) sperm cells. The pollen tube extends from the stigma, down the style, and into the ovary as it expands. The pollen tube reaches the ovule's micropyle and digests its way into one of the synergids, releasing the pollen's contents (which include the sperm cells). The synergid into which the cells were liberated degenerates, and one sperm fertilizes an egg cell, resulting in a diploid ($2$n) zygote. The nuclei of the second sperm cell fuse with the nuclei of both central cells, resulting in a triploid ($3$n) cell. The triploid cell develops into the endosperm, which serves as the embryo's food supply, while the zygote grows into an embryo. The ovary will now become a fruit, while the ovule will become a seed. Consider the flowers of apple, cherry, and orange trees before they develop fruit. Fruit trees can exchange genetic material and maintain their population by diversifying with pollination. The trees can blossom with bees or other animals.

Note:
Note that the seed coat has a distinct personality that is similar to that of the fruit. They shield the embryo and aid in its dispersal; they may also induce germination directly. In general, among plants with indehiscent fruits, the fruit protects the embryo and ensures its dissemination. The seed coat is just barely developed in this case.