Question

Scurvy is caused by the deficiency of
A. Nicotinic acid
B. Ascorbic acid
C. Pantothenic acid
D. Retinoic acid

Answer 1

Hint: Water-soluble vitamins are not stored in the body and should be supplied with the daily diet. Some water-soluble vitamins protect the cells from the free radicals and assist in the formation of components of the extracellular matrix of the connective tissues. The deficiency of this vitamin causes dryness of skin and hair.

Complete answer:
Vitamins are the organic nutrients that are required in a small amount by the body. Though vitamins do not serve as the source of energy, they help in maintaining the growth and normal metabolism in humans. The absence of an adequate supply of vitamins in the body causes several deficiency disorders.

> Option A:
Nicotinic acid or niacin is also known as vitamin B3. It is a water-soluble vitamin and is mainly obtained from meat, fishes, whole grains, and beans. Its deficiency in the body causes pellagra which is characterized by diarrhoea and dry and swollen skin.

> Option C:
Pantothenic acid is also called vitamin B5. It is a water-soluble vitamin and is produced in the gastrointestinal bacteria present in the digestive tract. Its deficiency causes fatigue, vomiting, and muscle spasms.

> Option D:
Retinoic acid is derived from the fat-soluble vitamin A. Deficiency of vitamin A causes night blindness, slowing the development of bones and teeth.

> Option B:
Ascorbic acid is also called vitamin C. It is a water-soluble hormone and is mainly obtained from the citrus fruits. Some of its functions are to serve as an antioxidant, coenzyme, and to assist in wound healing. It also promotes the synthesis of proteins such as collagen. The deficiency of vitamin C causes scurvy in which the reduced collagen synthesis causes swelling of gums and loosening of teeth. The other symptoms are the diminished rate of wound healing and gum bleeding.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Note: Collagen is the main protein of the extracellular matrix of the connective tissues. Connective tissues hold and support body structures. Collagen protein is also present in skin layers and imparts them strength and elasticity. Therefore, vitamin C deficiency causes skin dryness, hair breakage, and loose teeth.