Question

Respiration is controlled by
A. Cerebellum
B. Medulla oblongata
C. Olfactory lobes
D. Hypothalamus

Answer 1

Hint: Respiration is the process of movement of oxygen from the outside environment to the cells of the body. It also facilitates the transport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction. Respiration is a vital process which occurs in the body and helps in the overall functioning of our body.

Complete answer:
The process of respiration refers to a metabolic process in which an organism obtains energy by oxidising nutrients and in return releases waste products which are carried out of the body. Cellular respiration occurs in a cell of an organism while physiologic respiration is related to diffusion and transport of metabolites between the external environment and organism. Inhalation and exhalation are the two processes that occur in the respiration. Inhalation refers to an active process which causes contraction of diaphragm. Exhalation process is a passive process through which carbon dioxide is carried out of the body.
Medulla oblongata is a part of the brain that controls the respiration process of our body. Medulla sends signals to the muscle involved in breathing and Pons control the rate of respiration. The ventral respiratory group is responsible for control of voluntary forces exhalation and dorsal respiratory group controls inspiratory movements and timing involved.

Hence, the correct option is B. Medulla oblongata.

Note: In the process of breathing, the alveoli does not fill with atmospheric air during each inhalation but the air inhaled is diluted and mixed with a large volume of gas which is called functional residual capacity.