Question

Reduction of nitrobenzene by which of the following reagents gives aniline?
(A) $ Sn $ / $ HCl $
(B) $ Fe $ / $ HCl $
(C) $ {H_2} - Pd $
(D) $ Sn $ / $ N{H_4}OH $

Answer 1

Hint :Reduction is the chemical reaction in which one of the atoms involved in a reaction between two chemicals gains electrons. It is also when a substance loses oxygen.

Complete Step By Step Answer:
The organic compound nitrobenzene has the chemical formula $ {C_6}{H_5}N{O_2} $ . It is a pale-yellow oil that is insoluble in water and smells like almonds. Greenish-yellow crystals form when it freezes. It is made on a wide scale as a precursor to aniline from benzene. It is sometimes used as a solvent in the laboratory, especially for electrophilic reagents.
The organic compound aniline has the formula $ {C_6}{H_5}N{H_2} $ . Aniline is the simplest aromatic amine, consisting of a phenyl group bound to an amino group. It is a versatile starting material for fine chemical synthesis as well as an industrially important commodity chemical.
 $ Sn $ and concentrated $ HCl $ convert nitrobenzene to aniline. We can represent this chemical reaction as follows:
 $ {C_6}{H_5}N{O_2}\xrightarrow[{NaOH}]{{Sn,HCl}}{C_6}{H_5}N{H_2} $
 $ Fe $ or $ Zn $ may be used instead of $ Sn $ . This reaction produces aniline salt. The aniline salt is then treated with aqueous $ NaOH $ to release the aniline.
Reduction of nitrobenzene by $ {H_2} - Pd $ reagent also gives aniline. That is,
 $ {C_6}{H_5}N{O_2}\xrightarrow[{E\operatorname{t} hanol}]{{{H_2} - Pd}}{C_6}{H_5}N{H_2} $
 $ Sn $ / $ N{H_4}OH $ won’t give aniline.
Hence, we found that nitrobenzene converted to aniline by reacting it with the following reagents:
  $ Sn $ / $ HCl $
  $ Fe $ / $ HCl $
  $ {H_2} - Pd $
So, the answer is A, B, and C.

Note :
Benzene is a colorless, transparent liquid that is highly flammable and volatile. The organic compound aniline is a yellowish to brownish oily liquid with a musty fishy odor. Ammonia and phenol extracted from the cumene process can also be used to make aniline.