Question

Read the statement about cytoplasm below. Which of the following statements is correct about cytoplasm?
a) Cytoplasm fills the animal cell
b) Cytoplasm is a jelly like substance
c) Chlorophyll is found in the nucleus
d) Cytoplasm and protoplasm are the same

A) (a)&(b)
B) (a),(b)&(c)
C) (c)&(d)
D) (a),(b)&(d)

Answer 1

Hint: Cytoplasm is a fluid-like substance that is present in both- animal cells as well as plant cells. It contains cytosol with proteins, ions and filaments including other molecular structures in it. The cytoplasm consists of around 80% water and so is colourless.

Complete answer:
The cytoplasm is a granular, crystal-colloidal complex that forms the protoplasm excluding its nucleoid. There is no membrane-bound cell organelle but we can see the presence of all the biochemical pathways in the prokaryotic cell. There is no cytoplasmic streaming. Instead of sap vacuoles, gas vacuoles can be seen.

The cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance that covers the whole cell. There are several structures that are present in the cytoplasm:
i) Mesosme- it is an invagination of the cell membrane occurring in several bacteria. These are also associated with DNA replication, cell secretion and with electron transport of the organism.
ii) Ribosomes- these are submicroscopic ribonucleoproteins. These are of two types- fixed and free. It is the site for protein synthesis. The message in mRNA simultaneously translates to proteins due to the presence of ribosomes in polysomes.
iii) Chromatophores- these are internal membrane systems in prokaryotic cells that may become extensive and complex in photosynthetic form.
iv) Nucleoid- represents the genetic material of prokaryotes. It possesses a single circular strand of DNA duplex.
v) Plasmids- these are additional rings of DNA, which can replicate independently.
vi) Inclusion bodies- these are non-living structures present in the cytoplasm.
vii) Flagella- these are unstrained, equivalent to a single microtubular fiber.
viii) Pilus and fimbriae- these are bacterial surface appendages that have nothing to do with mobility.

From the above discussion it is clear that option (A) is the correct answer.

Note: Cytoplasm is a thick solution that covers each cell and is surrounded by a cell membrane. Water, salt and solution is all from which it is made. All the cell organelles except for nucleus are present in including the cytoplasmic reticulum and the including the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria.