Question

Raphe is
a. Ridge formed by union of funicle with body of ovule
b. Distance between chalaza and micropyle
c. Distance between hilum and micropyle
d. Area between hilum and chalaza

Answer 1

Hint: Fertilization is one of the most important characteristics of the plant. It takes place in the flower. After the fertilization, the ovary of the flower is transformed into the fruit and the ovule which is present in the ovary is transformed into seeds. The ovule consists of different parts.

Complete answer:
Fertilization is a type of sexual reproduction in plants where the male gametes or pollen is fused with the female gametes i.e. ovum and produces zygote. After the fertilization process, the ovary develops into fruit and the ovule develops into a seed.

The ovule can be divided into three main parts and these are the integument that forms the outer layer of the ovule, the nucellus, and the female gametophyte which is formed from a haploid megaspore in the centre of the ovule.

There is a stalk through which an ovule is connected to the placenta present in the ovary of a flowering plant. This stalk is called a funicle. There is a strand of conducting tissue found in the funicle and this is leading from the placenta into the chalaza.

When these funicles are fused with the body of the ovule, it builds a ridge between the funicle and the body of the ovule. This ridge is known as the raphe. The raphe is the ridge formed by union of funicle with the body of the ovule.

The hilum is a structure through which the body of the ovule remains attached to the funicle.
When the integuments of the ovule do not enclose the entire nucleus but there remains an opening at the apex, this structure is called micropyle and this opening involves the entry of the pollen to the ovule for fertilization.

Chalaza is present at the opposite of the micropyle where the nucleus is joined to the integuments.

Hence, the correct answer is option (A).

Note: During the fertilization of the angiosperms, the ovary of the flower develops the fruit, and the ovule transformed into the seeds. There are different parts of the ovule. When the stalk which is called a funicle is fused with the body of the ovules then it forms a ridge union with the body of the ovule, this structure is known as the raphe.