Question

Proteinuria is
A. Protein in blood
B. Protein in urine
C. Both A and B
D. None of the above

Answer 1

Hint: Protein is the building structure of all living organisms. Healthy kidneys reabsorb the previously filtered proteins from the body waste and return them back into the circulatory system coinciding the mechanism with the excretory system by excreting them in the urine. The function of filtering the blood is compromised whenever there are complications in the organ.

Complete answer:
> Option A- Protein in blood
Protein in the blood is composed of serum albumin which accounts for 55% while globulin accounts for 38% of the blood protein. The function is to help in transporting the lipids and steroid hormones and also maintaining the pressure of plasma in the body.

> Option B- Protein in urine
As we break the term proteinuria, protein and urea meaning protein present in urine. It is a condition where abnormality in the functionality of the organ causes the presence of excessive protein in the urine. Foamy urine is the important sign of proteinuria which is very rare as only a third of the population with foamy urine have proteinuria. Other causes include the usage of drugs such as pyridium.

> Option C- Both A and B
The occurrence of protein in urine and blood is a normal mechanism of the body as little amount of protein is present in urine if both the kidneys are working properly.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Note: Diseases and disorders causing proteinuria are immune disorders such as lupus and Goodpasture's syndrome, inflammation of kidney also known as glomerulonephritis, Cancer of plasma cells also known as multiple myeloma, drugs like ACE inhibitors etc. Patients with diabetes and hypertension along with proteinuria might need medication. Excessive physical activity, emotional stress, usage of aspirin and exposure to cold can also cause proteinuria.