Question

Primary and secondary immune responses carried out with the help of
(a) B- Lymphocytes
(b) T- lymphocytes
(c) Antiviral proteins
(d) Both A and B

Answer 1

Hint: Immune systems include a cellular and molecular component that defends against an infectious agent. A lymphocyte is part of an immune system that destroys disease-causing pathogens.

Complete Answer:
The primary immune response develops when the body first gets contact with the antigen, it takes a longer time to develop and declines rapidly whereas secondary immune response develops when the body gets in contact with the same antigen, it shows a quick response for a long period. Both the immune response carried out by B-lymphocyte and T- lymphocyte.

Additional information:
B-lymphocyte is the constituent of the antibody-mediated immune system, which forms inside bone marrow. It has a short life span and it is stimulated by helper T- lymphocyte. It produces plasmablast and plasma cells which help to produce antibodies, these antibodies pass into lymph and blood. It provides immunity against viruses and bacteria but reaction toward cancer and transplant is absent.
T- lymphocyte is the constituent of the cell-mediated immune system which produces by the thymus gland. It has a long life span and it produces four types of T-cells such as helper T-cell, killer T-cell, suppressor T-cell, and memory T-cell. The immunity provided against the pathogen as well as pathogen containing cells. Helper T- cells form 75% of the total which stimulates B-lymphocyte and also proliferate other T-cells. Killer T- cells kill the microbes by secreting their toxins, it also helps to attack cancer cells. Suppressor T-cells protect the body component from the inactive immune system. Memory T-cells retain their previous sensitization for the future.
Antibodies produce by the body to fight with infection are IgA present in colostrum which acts as the first line of defense against the pathogen, IgD occur in serum tissue in small amount and it activates B-cells, IgE concentrated in mucous membranes, skin, and lungs, it triggers a hypersensitive reaction which forms by antigens, IgG occurs mainly in blood, lymph and intestine, it is effective against bacteria, viruses, fungi as well as toxins and IgM are the largest antibodies which first reach the site of infection, it also stimulates the production of IgM.

So, the correct answer is ‘Both A and B’.

Note: Immunodeficiency causes various types of disease, immunodeficiency disorder may be congenital and acquired. Congenital disorder forms from the time of birth whereas acquired disorder forms later in life. AIDS is one of the major disorders which are caused by immune deficiency.