Question

Plants produced by ________are genetically identical to the parent plant.

Answer 1

Hint: Reproduction in the plant is both sexual and asexual reproduction where sexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes like pollen grain with embryo sac and asexual reproduction involves vegetative propagation of roots, stem, leaf, and buds. Sexual reproduction show variation whereas asexual reproduction does not show variation.

Complete answer:
The plant produced by vegetative propagation is genetically identical to parent plants. It is also known as asexual reproduction because only one parent involved. Vegetative propagation takes place by a part of plant root, stem, leaf, and buds, which under suitable conditions grow into a new plant. Vegetative propagation is of two types: the first is natural and the other is artificial. Natural methods involve plant multiplication in which somatic parts of a plant get to detach from the parent plant naturally under suitable conditions. When this somatic part comes in contact with the damp soil it starts to sprout out buds which later produce roots and new plants. Artificial method of vegetative propagation also known as horticulture which is a manmade special technique. The artificial method produces desired varieties as per requirement. It involves the use of vegetative organs, cuttings, layering, grafting, etc.

Additional information:
Vegetative propagation is common in seedless plants like banana, sugarcane, pineapple, seedless orange, seedless grape, grasses, etc. Vegetative propagation is a faster method than sexual one as it takes 1- 5 months for the maturation of new plants whereas in the sexual method the seed takes 1-7 years to mature. It preserves varieties, races, and species. Infection of a plant can be discarded out by the method of pruning and micrografting.

Note:
Vegetative reproduction is preferred over sexual reproduction because sexual reproduction involves propagation of plants through seed which takes a long time to germinate but the progeny of vegetative propagation is less adaptable to changing environment whereas sexual reproduction progeny is more adaptable to changing environment.