Question

Phenotype of an organism is the result of
A) Mutation and linkage
B) Genotype and environmental interactions
C) Cytoplasmic effects and nutrition
D) Environmental changes and sexual dimorphism

Answer 1

Hint:The term phenotype refers to an organism's measurable physical properties; these include the appearance, growth, and actions of the organism.Height, wing length, and hair colour are examples of phenotypes.

Complete answer:
The phenotype of an organism is determined by its genotype, which is the set of genes borne by the organism, as well as by environmental effects on these genes. Organisms of similar genotypes, such as identical twins, inevitably transmit non-identical phenotypes due to the impact of environmental factors, since each organism experiences specific environmental influences as it grows. In addition, phenotypes have measurable features that can be tested in the laboratory, such as levels of hormones or blood cells.
Mutations are spontaneous, abrupt variations in genetic material inherited from parents to offspring, causing gaps in the current phenotype. And linkage is the propensity of genes that are closely located to be transmitted together to progeny, thereby retaining combinations of parental genes. Therefore, mutation modifies the new phenotype and the original one is retained by linkage, but the phenotype is not a product of these two, option A is wrong.
Cytoplasmic effects relate to the characteristics controlled by cytoplasmic genes; very few genes (chloroplasts and mitochondria) are present in the cytoplasm, most of which regulate the functions of the organelle itself. Nutrition is one of the environmental factors influencing the phenotype, as stated, but cytoplasm has less influence on the phenotype. Choice C is inaccurate.
Sexual dimorphism refers to the existence of sex-differentiating characters to differentiate two sexes that are in turn, regulated by the genotype of the individual; hence, sexual dimorphism is one of the ways in which genotype phenotype can be influenced.

Thus the correct Answer is option (B) Genotype and environmental interactions.

 Note:The survival benefit given to people with such phenotypes allows those people to reproduce with relatively high success rates and thus pass on the successful genotypes to subsequent generations. All inherited possibilities in the genotype, for example, are not represented in the phenotype, since some are the product of genes that are dormant, recessive, or inhibited.