Question

Peshwa Bajirao II signed the Subsidiary Treaty in _____________.
(A) 1802
(B) 1805
(C) 1898
(D) 1402

Answer 1

Hint: Peshwa Bajirao II was the thirteenth and the last Peshwa of the Maratha Empire. He ruled from 1795 to 1818. He was established as a model emperor by the Maratha aristocracies, whose increasing power provoked him to escape his capital Poona and endorse the Treaty of Bassein (1802) with the British. This gave rise to the Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805), in which the British arose triumphantly and re-established him as the supposed Peshwa.

Complete step-by-step answer:
A subsidiary alliance, in South Asian antiquity, defines a branch coalition between a Native state and either French India, or afterwards the British East India Company. The visionary of the subsidiary alliance plan was French Governor Joseph François Dupleix, who in the late 1740s substantiated agreements with the Nizam of Hyderabad and Carnatic. The practice was afterwards espoused by the East India Company, with Robert Clive striking a sequence of preconditions on Mir Jafar of Bengal, ensuing the 1757 Battle of Plassey, and afterwards those in the 1765 Treaty of Allahabad, as a consequence of the Company's victory in the 1764 Battle of Buxar. A recipient of Clive, Richard Wellesley formerly took a non-interventionist strategy in the course of the Native states but later championed, and administered the strategy of establishing subsidiary alliances.

Thus, option (A) is correct.

Note: Indian monarchs under British fortification yielded the control of their overseas dealings to the British. Most subsidiaries dispersed their native armies and instead upheld British troops within their states to defend them from the outbreak, but that became progressively dubious in most parts of India as British power intensified. The kingdom of Awadh was the foremost to come in an alliance like this through the Treaty of Allahabad (1765), after its downfall in the Battle of Buxar (1764). Tipu Sultan of the Kingdom of Mysore repudiated to do so, but after the British triumph in the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799), Mysore was obligated to become a subordinate state. The Nizam of Hyderabad was the initial to receive a well-framed subsidiary alliance in 1798. After the Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-19), Maratha monarch Baji Rao II also acknowledged the subsidiary alliance.