Question

Parasitic phanerogams absorb water and solute from host plant by
A)Mycorrhiza
B)Clinging roots
C)Adventitious roots
D)Haustoria

Answer 1

Hint: A parasitic phanerogam is a plant obtains most of its nutritional requirement from another living plant. Some phanerogams contain structures by which they can synthesize their own food, like- green leaves, roots. Phanerogams are also known as Spermatophytes. Parasitic plants contain flowers and seeds. They parasitize the host by withdrawing nutrition and water.

Complete answer:
Option A- Mycorrhiza
It is a symbiotic relationship between a green plant and a fungus. The plant provides food and organic materials to the fungus and the fungus provide water and mineral nutrients necessary for the synthesis of food. The association is sometimes mutualistic.

Option B- Clinging roots
These are observed in epiphytes or space parasites. They are the structures dwelling on the surface of other plant parts such as branches, tree trunks, etc.

Option C- Adventitious roots
These are the roots that are formed from the part of a plant other than root tissue (radicle). These roots facilitate gas transport and water and nutrient uptake during flooding.

Option D- Haustoria
Haustoria are modified stem or root of a parasitic plant or a specialized branch that arises from a hair-like filament (hypha) of a fungus. It penetrates the tissue of a host and absorbs nutrients and water from the body of the host. Parasitic phanerogams absorb water and solute from the host plant by Haustoria.

Thus, the correct option is Option D- Haustoria.

Note:
Parasitic plants are the plants that depend on other plants for nutrition either completely or partially. There are two types of parasites- complete parasite- parasites that completely rely on the host for all the necessities and partial or hemi or semi parasite- parasites that sustain only a part of the nutrition from the host. Parasite plants produce a special organ haustorium which produce adventitious roots to absorb food and nutrients.