Question

Our Constitution has provided for a central government and many state governments. It has also distributed powers between the center and the states. Therefore, ours is a _____.
A. Federal system of government
B. Unitary system of government
C. Dictatorship government
D. Communist government

Answer 1

Hint: This type of government is formed when many independent states come together and form a single entity. There are only 30 countries in the world with this type of government.

Complete answer:
A. Federal system of government – is one in which the powers of the state are divided between the central government and the state or provincial governments. Both these government bodies are autonomous in their own spheres. The federal system of governments can arise from two situations;
Holding together Federation – where powers are shared equally among all the provinces of a given country and accommodate all the diversity of the nation. For e.g. India, Belgium etc.
Coming together Federation – where many independent states come together and form a larger union. For e.g. United States of America, Australia etc.
B. Unitary system of government – is one in which all the powers of the union reside with the central government. The whole union is treated as a single unit and the center is ultimately supreme. The central government may have subdivisions, but they only exist to exercise the actions that the center delegates them to do. For e.g. China, Bangladesh etc.
C. Dictatorship government – is one in which there is a single leader or a group of leaders as the ultimate power. There is very scarce or no toleration of pluralism in the state. For e.g. Nazi Germany is the most popular example of dictatorship. China is another example where there is a ‘single-party’ dictatorship.
D. Communist government – It is also called a Marxist-Leninist government. This type of government is generally characterized by a centralized communist party which operates through democratic centralism.

Thus, the correct answer is Option (A) Federal system of government.

Note:Other than being a federation, India also has some Unitary characteristics in its government. The fact that Lok Sabha is more powerful than the Rajya Sabha, shows that there is unequal division of power (unlike a federation). The Judiciary at the center is binding on all judiciaries across all states. The governors of each state are appointed by the central head, i.e. the President.