Question

Organelle having flattened membrane-bound cisternae and lying near the nucleus is
(a) Golgi Apparatus
(b) Mitochondrion
(c) Centriole
(d) Nucleolus

Answer 1

Hint: These form a part of the cellular endomembrane system (A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell) . These also are involved in the transport of lipid molecules across the cell.

Complete Step by Step answer:
Golgi apparatus is the cellular organelle that consists of folded and flattened membranes within the cytoplasm that's involved within the secretion and supports the intracellular transport.
The folds of the Golgi body are referred to as cisternae which are considered the functional units of this organelle.

It helps in modifying, sorting, and packaging of proteins for secretion and also helps within the transportation of lipids and forms lysosomes.
So, the right answer is, ‘Golgi Apparatus’.

Additional Information:
- The Golgi body was first observed within the year 1897 by Italian cytologist Golgi.
- The Golgi body is additionally called the Golgi complex or Golgi body, the membrane- bound organelle of eukaryotic cells (cells with clearly defined nuclei) that's made from a series of flattened, stacked pouches called cisternae.
- The Golgi body is found within the cytoplasm next to the endoplasmic reticulum and near the nucleus.
- The Golgi body receives proteins synthesized within the RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum) and transferred to it via the SER (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) .
- In general, a Golgi body is formed from approximately four to eight cisternae.
- The cisternae are held together by the matrix proteins, and therefore the whole of the Golgi apparatus is supported by cytoplasmic microtubules.
- Some molecules, including certain soluble proteins and secretory proteins, are carried along with the vesicles to the cell wall for exocytosis (release into the extracellular environment) .

Note:
- The Golgi body has 3 primary compartments, known generally as “cis” (cisternae nearest the endoplasmic reticulum), “medial” (central layers of cisternae), and “trans” (cisternae farthest from the endoplasmic reticulum).
- Golgi apparatus performs the function of modification, sorting, and packaging of the materials coming from the endoplasmic reticulum or synthesized in the Golgi body itself. On removing the Golgi body these functions will cease to happen. The most components of the endomembrane system are the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, vesicles, and cell wall, and nuclear envelope.