Question

One of the following occurs both in freshwater and marine habitat.
A. Spirogyra
B. Riccia
C. Cladophora
D. Oedogonium

Answer 1

Hint: Cladophora occurs both in freshwater and marine habitat. They are a genus of filamentous green algae. They do not branch and undergo conjugation. There are four different types of green algae. They are prasinophyceae, ulvophyceae, chlorophyceae, and charophyceae. This will be discussed in detail below.

Complete answer:
Cladophora is a genus which occurs both in freshwater and marine habitat. They are green filamentous algae which do not branch and undergo conjugation. They are eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular. They have photosynthetic pigments, like, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids. Their major food reserve is starch. The cell wall green algae is made up of cellulose, and calcium carbonate in calcareous algae. There are four different types of Cladophora.
-Prasinophyceae- they are primarily marine and some are freshwater. They are earliest green algae. They are unicellular, free-living.
-Ulvophyceae- they are mostly marine microalgae. They are either unicellular or multicellular. They are non-flagellates.
-Chlorophyceae- they are freshwater Cladophora.
-Charophyceae- they are also freshwater.

The green algae have chitinous thallus which is rough to touch. The thallus remains attached to the substratum by a holdfast. This holdfast is formed by a rhizoidal cell. Branching on Cladophora appears like a dichotomy. They have cylindrical cells with a lamellated cell wall made up of chitin, pectose and cellulose material. The cells of the plant have a large vacuole.
Some examples of Indian species of Cladophora: C. crispata, C. furcata, C. glomerata.

Hence, the correct answer is option ().

Note: Some special features of Cladophora. They are multinucleate. They sexually reproduce by isogamy and asexually by diploid quadri flagellate zoospores. They exhibit isomorphic alterations of generations.