Question

Oncology is the study of
A. Dead cells
B. Living cells
C. Callus
D. Cancer cells

Answer 1

Hint: The human body comprises various types of cells some are responsible for carrying out biological functions of the body while some are responsible for causing hazard deterioration to the health of an individual.

Complete Answer:
The word oncology is derived from two words that are oncos = swelling related to tumor and logos = study. Thus, oncology is defined as the branch of science that deals with the study of tumorous growth of cells and their treatment. The word oncos was first used by the scientist Galen to describe the tumor.
- Generally, cell growth and cell differentiation are the highly controlled and regulatory mechanism that takes place in our body. But in tumor causing cells also known as cancer cells, there is breakdown of these two regulatory mechanisms.
- Normally the cell shows the process of contact inhibition in which all the cells are held together and inhibits the uncontrolled growth of the cells but the cancerous cells lose the property of contact inhibition and do the uncontrolled growth of the cell resulting in tumor.

The correct option is D i.e. cancer cells.

Additional information: Tumors are of two types i.e. benign tumor and malignant tumor.
- Benign tumor: in this, the cells do uncontrolled growth in a confined area and do not spread to other parts of the body.
- Malignant tumor: in this, the cell grows very rapidly and invades and damages the surrounding normal tissues in the body. This type of tumor shows a very characteristic property i.e. called as which is one of the most dreaded properties of the malignant tumor.

Note: Metastasis is the property in which the actively dividing cells divide and grow to form tumors. Then these cells move to the distant metastasis location within the body and again divide and grow to form a new tumor there. So this tumor is not confined to a specific location and causes their effect all over the body wherever these cancer causing cells move.