Question

Non-essential amino acids are synthesized in the human body during
a. Protein catabolism
b. Protein anabolism
c. Both A and B
d. None of the above

Answer 1

Hint: Amino acids are the structural block of proteins, they contain amyl and carbon groups, and have a side chain, there are 21 types of amino acids and these are divided into essential and non-essential amino acids.

Complete answer:
- The amino acids which are synthesized by the body through a mechanism are called nonessential amino acids.
- While the amino acids, which are not produced by the body and should be included in daily diet are called essential amino acids.
- So nonessential amino acids are synthesized by protein anabolism.
- Almost half of the amino acids in humans are nonessential, as they are synthesized by the human body and among them, glutamate, glutamine, and Proline are very important, produced by the protein anabolism.
- Glutamate is produced by the addition of ammonia to alpha-ketoglutarate, in the presence of NADP by the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase.
- The formation of glutamate is the key reaction because the glutamate which is produced is a nitrogen donor and it helps in the synthesis of all other amino acids.
- Glutamine is synthesized by the addition of ammonia to glutamate.
- While Proline is also synthesized from glutamate in two steps.
- So all the amino acids are synthesized, and these amino acids play a very important role in transcription, translation, and formation of proteins.

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Note: Most important nonessential amino acids are mainly synthesized from glucose, while alanine and arginine are synthesized from the urea cycle. Asparagine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, proline, and serine are synthesized from phenylalanine, and tyrosine is required essential amino acids to produce it.