Question

What is the nomenclature for nitric acid?

Answer 1

Hint :Nomenclature for chemicals is the method or set of rules that are made to generate systematic names for the chemical compounds. Nomenclature is done as per the elements present and the number of atoms of the element in the chemical compound.

Complete Step By Step Answer:
Nomenclature is the method to generate systematic names for a chemical compound following a standard set of rules.
Nomenclature in simple words can be explained as a method to name a chemical compound following some standard rules.
Nomenclature can be done by various methods, but the most frequently used is the one created by the IUPAC.
As per IUPAC, the parent atom’s name is the main part of the name of the compound. The names of the elements or attached are edited by removing the last three letters and adding -do at the end.
If the branched elements are more than one, then prefixes like di-, tri-, quadra- are used.
The edited names of the branched elements are used as prefixes to the name of the parent element.
Now, the chemical formula for Nitric Acid is $ HN{{O}_{3}} $ . Here is the molecular structure of Nitric Acid

The dotted bonds show the resonating structure of nitric acid.
Here, we can see that nitrogen is the parent element of the compound.
Hence, the name will contain Nitrogen as the main part.
Now, three oxygen are attached to Nitrogen. Hence, as per IUPAC, the name will be trioxide
There is only one hydrogen attached. Hence, the IUPAC name is hydroxido
Hence, the IUPAC name is hydroxide trioxide nitrogen.
However, this name is mostly never used.
The commercial name for the compound is Nitric Acid, which has been accepted by IUPAC.
It is also known as Hydrogen Nitrate.

Note :
IUPAC is an international institution that has set up some standard rules to name the chemical compounds, which are to be followed worldwide. Hence, whenever asked for nomenclature of any chemical compound, we must write it as per IUPAC rules, till asked otherwise. There are various other methods to name a compound for commercial use, but we must follow the IUPAC rules to name the compound.