Question

What is the neutralisation reaction? Give two examples.

Answer 1

Hint: Chemical reaction between an acid and a base which gives salt and water is called a neutralisation reaction. This reaction also has many applications.

Complete step by step solution:
When an acid and a base react quantitatively with each other, such a reaction is called neutralisation reaction. Neutralization results in no excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions present in solution. The pH of the solution is neutralised depending on the strengths of acid and the base. For example
\[Acid+Base\to salt+water\]
Example,
\[NaOH+HCl\to NaCl+{{H}_{2}}O\]
Where \[NaOH\] is a strong base, \[HCl\] strong acid. \[NaCl\] is the salt.
In aqueous solution the substances are subjected to dissociation, and then it changes to ionised state.
According to Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory, the definition of neutralisation is explained as
\[AH+B\to A+BH\]
When a solution is neutralised, it means that salts are from equal weights of acid and base. Acid gives one mole of protons and the base gives one of hydroxide ions, which combine to form water.
In a weak acid-base neutralisation example, reaction between acetic acid and ammonia solution. The equation can be represented as
\[{{H}^{+}}+N{{H}_{3}}\rightleftharpoons NH_{4}^{+}\]
The hydrogen comes from acetic acid. Usually it is a reversible reaction. There is no complete neutralisation reaction. In a strong acid strong base neutralisation reaction, the pH becomes 7. When a strong acid and a weak base react, the pH of the solution will be less than 7 and in case of strong base and acid, the pH of the solution will be greater than 7.

Note: Neutralization reaction is only applicable for reaction between an acid and base. The products are only salt and water. It could be reversible or an irreversible reaction.