Question

Name two types of cyclonic systems that affect India and two areas that receive rainfall from these systems.

Answer 1

Hint: This cyclone only occurs on seas with temperatures in excess of 26-27 degree celsius. On reaching land, they dissipate. And the other type of cyclone can develop both on land and at sea. When warm and cold air touch each other, cyclonic rainfall occurs. It rises above the cold air because warm air is lighter. The rising air is then cooled past the point of saturation, triggering heavy rainfall. Such precipitation lasts for just a few hours.

Complete Answer:
- For a weather system in which winds inwardly rotate to a region of low atmospheric pressure, a cyclone is a general term. The circulation pattern is in a counterclockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere and a clockwise direction in the Southern Hemisphere for large weather systems.
- Two forms of cyclones exist: cyclones of middle latitude (mid-latitude) and tropical cyclones. The principal cause of winter storms in the middle latitudes are mid-latitude cyclones.

Tropical cyclones - Tropical cyclones are violent storms that form in tropical regions over the oceans and travel to the coastal areas, resulting in large-scale damage caused by violent winds, extremely heavy rainfall and storm surges.
- There are very violent winds, torrential rain, high waves and in some cases, very damaging storm surges and coastal flooding from a tropical cyclone.
- The winds are blowing in the Northern Hemisphere counterclockwise and in the Southern Hemisphere clockwise.
- One of the world's most destructive natural calamities were Tropical Cyclones. Over warm tropical waters, tropical cyclones originate and intensify.

The favourable conditions for the development and intensification of tropical storms are:
- A wide surface of the sea with a temperature greater than 27 ° C.
- The presence of Force Coriolis.
- Tiny differences in the speed of the vertical wind.
- A weak low-pressure or low-level-cyclonic circulation pre-existing region.
- Over the sea level system, upper divergence.
- The Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean are where tropical cyclones originate. These tropical cyclones have very high wind speeds and heavy rainfall and strike Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Odisha, and Gujarat, the Indian coastal states (These five states are more vulnerable to cyclone disasters than others in India).

Western disturbance – A common weather phenomenon in India is the Western Disturbance. An extratropical cyclone originating in the Mediterranean region is a western disturbance which brings sudden winter rain to the northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent.
- They are the source of most rainfall during the winter and pre-monsoon season in North-West India (such as Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and western Uttar Pradesh). Cloudy skies, higher night temperatures and unusual rain are typically correlated with this phenomenon.
In agriculture, this precipitation during the winter season has great importance, particularly for rabid crops, including wheat. India is expected to receive approximately 10 percent of its annual total rainfall from western disturbances.
- These originate in the Mediterranean Sea and reach India after passing through Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan. In Punjab and Haryana, they cause rain.
- Tropical cyclones and temperate cyclones are two types of cyclonic systems that affect India. Though rainfall is brought to West Bengal and Odisha by tropical cyclones, rainfall is brought to Delhi and Punjab by temperate cyclones.

Note: The term Cyclone is derived from the Greek word for a snake's coils, Cyclos. Henry Peddington coined it because the tropical storms in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea tend to be like coiled sea serpents. The Polar Front theory best describes the origin and development of temperate cyclones. The warm-humid air masses from the tropics, according to this theory, reach the dry-cold air masses from the poles and thus form a polar front.